Comparing Gotma to Siddhartha Essay

Siddhartha and Govinda both begin their journeys searching after the same goal, to find themselves and attain nirvana. They travel many of the same paths but each thinks differently in their situations. But while Siddhartha eventually reaches Nirvana, Govinda does not because he never learns to absorb what is around him and learn from life like Siddhartha does but mistakenly tries to find peace through other peoples lives. Even from the beginning you can see distinct differences in the mind set between Siddhartha and Gotma, one as a thinker and one as a follower. Siddhartha had grown uneasy in his state as a Brahman’s son. The riches of his lifestyle babied him too much and blocked him from the real world. He wanted to go off on his own and experience and find himself. Siddhartha is a Scientific thinker, his brain is always wanting and explanation and continues to ask questions and at this point his maturing mind is starting to doubt the Brahman and Hindu ways. The repetitious ways of the daily prayers and rituals seemed an unreal way to finding nirvana. Something that never changes cannot lead higher, it always stays at the same level. So when a group of samanas passes through town he joined their lead, wanting to experience their lives and to learn from them. Everyone was shocked at his decision; Govinda knew not what to say, and Siddhartha’s father became enraged at first thought, but later admits something very important to Siddhartha. â€Å"You will go to the forest and be a samana. If you find salvation in the forest, come and teach me salvation. If you find disappointment, then come back and let us once more sacrifice to the gods together.† His father has never reached the goal he has sought after his whole life, even now as an old man, and he understands that Siddhartha must leave for himself. The next morning Siddhartha leaves early and finds his friend, Govinda, waiting to go with him. This is the first true sign of Govinda’s misconception of how to find himself. Govinda only goes because his friend thinks it will be good. He did not think over in his mind and decide if it was truly right for him. So they wandered and learned from the samanas. Siddhartha had learned self-denial and meditation but started to doubt if they were progressing anywhere in their search for salvation. The Samana teachings were nothing more than trickery, magic and self- control all of which can be taught. None of these qualities would lead even a step towards salvation because you are never learning something new; it is purely a way to keep your mind occupied and content. He even compares drunkenness to the samana teachings. It is just another escape, a way to leave yourself and forget all life’s pains. Even their samsara leader had never attained nirvana so how would they ever get there either following him. Word comes of a great man, Gotma, who had reached nirvana. Surprising to Siddhartha, Govinda decides to seek out the illustrious one. Although Siddhartha has his doubts he is curious and travels with Govinda to listen to the Buddha. After hearing the teachings of the Buddha the simple and accepting Gotma immediately joins as his disciple. But Siddhartha comes to a realization here. He knows that the Buddha has reached nirvana but sees the difference between teaching and experience. The teachings of the Buddha were not for him, they were for the suffering, the weak, a comfort zone which numbs people from the harsh realities and allows them to live in a false contentment. Even the Buddha himself knows this; he is just trying to help the masses that are not as clever as Siddhartha. Siddhartha now sees that experience is the only way to gain knowledge and goes out into the world to try it all. For many years of his life after he tries many new lives. From Kamala, a young courtesan, he learns about Physical love. He learns to become a merchant and indulge in the pleasures of a wealthy life. He lived on many years like this and grows old and worn but finds it is all a false happiness. After everything he obtained he is still discontent. The women, clothes, wine; all do nothing for the mind. He abandons it all and runs away into the forest and falls asleep beside the river, wishing to die. Here he meets Govinda again for the first time since he had joined the Buddha. And Siddhartha saw that Govinda had not changed. Govinda was still blindly following in Buddha’s steps, doing the rituals and living under his ways. Vasuedeva the ferryman is very important to developing Siddhartha. He never tries to teach Siddhartha but hints at where to look. Vasudeva says that it seems as though the river has spoken to him and suggests that he stay with him beside the water. It is through Vasudeva that he realizes the symbolism of the river to life. Life is always flowing, changing but always there and continuing on. Even later on when Siddhartha gains and loses his son he again sees the cycle of life in the river. In grief for his loss he cries into the river and catches a glimpse of his reflection. In it he sees himself, his father, and his young son. Siddhartha sees the pain that his father must have felt when he left as a boy is the same as when his own son ran away. Although he tried otherwise, the same trials and pains he left behind are recurring again and again. He finally sees the true cycle of life. Siddhartha comes to realize that the whole world, everything, is one. We are born of our mothers, live our lives and eventually die, then decompose in the dirt. Trees grow up from the dirt and produce fruit, which is eaten by man and animals alike. The air we breathe is recycled and breathed back in by plants. Everything is made of the same particles that have been around since the beginning of time. The world is constantly changing: destroying, creating, and reforming every molecule into something new. So we are a part of that, apart of everything. Rebirth is made within yourself and what you choose to change. Siddhartha experienced many lifestyles all of which he learned from and his decisions to move forward and change was his renewal. And in the end he comes to see that you must let go of your self and your needs completely and love and appreciate everything because it is all one. Govinda appears once more when he asks the ferryman, now Siddhartha, to take him across the river. Once Govinda realizes it is Siddhartha he presses him to know too how to Nirvana. Siddhartha tries to explain that you cannot search for nirvana it must come to you. Nirvana is not one thing but everything you experience in life and if you are trying only to find nirvana everything around you will be missed and wisdom and understanding cannot be found. But even after Siddhartha’s speech Govinda did not understand, he still could not comprehend what Siddhartha was trying to convey. Nirvana cannot be reached only through writings and other teachings. These things can lead you down the path but it can bring you only so far because it is all feelings and discoveries that others have achieved through their own life. Writings can only convey part of the message because you cannot produce in words your experience and have another understand every aspect of the way you felt. That is how your mind dealt and reacted to that situation. Can you tell someone exactly how good jamoca almond fudge ice cream is? They can tell you how it tasted to them, but can they interpret the exact sense it will have on your tongue? Can you truly understand how much you would like it unless you have tasted some yourself? Some may think it’s too strong, some may not like almonds, some might like vanilla better, and everyone will have their own opinion and slight difference. Life is the same way. Govinda never reached his goal because his whole life he was searching in others lives. First he followed Siddhartha with the Samanas then leaves the samanas by his own choice, only to follow another. And in the end he comes back to Siddhartha with one last desperate plea to try and understand. He never learned anything about himself because he was blinded by the belief that someone else could show him how. Everyone must decide for himself or herself what they do with their life, for following only leads you down another minds path away from your own awakening.

Dbq-Early Valley Civilizations Essay

DBQ-early valley civilizations essay Throughout history, civilizations have contributed to the cultural and intellectual life of humanity. These civilizations had developed about 5000 years ago. These civilizations had been defined as based on agriculture and urban settlements. At that period had been developed many cultural and intellectual achievements, but also stable government and a strong economy. The ancient River Valley civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia all made key contributions to future societies.For thousands of years, people all over the world have developed, progressed, and eventually formed civilizations. The area between the Tigris and Euphrates River was called Fertile Crescent because its rich soil and crescent shape (document 1). This region was where Mesopotamia one of the first civilization on earth grew. Sumer was an ancient civilization in Mesopotamia they created cuneiforms. Cuneiforms were the world’s first written language; Sumerians invented thi s writing system to keep track of business dealing (document 2).Mesopotamia developed between the Euphrates and Tigris River. Geographically, Mesopotamia occurred near major rivers since water was easily available and agriculture flourished. The most important invention that was created in the ancient times by Sumer in Mesopotamia was the wheel . it had a major impact in the world because it makes it easier for people to get to places faster and without the wheel the world would not have been the same. Egypt civilization was located in northeast Africa near on the border of the Nile River.Hieroglyphics was a system of writing that was based on pictures; it was created by the Egyptians to keep the records (document 6). pharaoh was the name of the king or god king of Egypt. Pharaoh built pyramids to serve as houses or tombs and specialized skill such as mathematics, geometry, engineering and architecture were need to built the pyramids (document 5). Life in ancient Egypt was centered largely on agriculture. The majority of the people were involved in farming. Wheat, fruits and vegetables were the principal crops.The Nile River helped irrigate the crops and made the soil fertile for good farming; people depended on the Nile for food and water (document 4). Egypt contributed many things in the world, such as their efforts in astronomy, medicine, writing, mathematics and architecture. In conclusion, the ancient River Valley civilizations Egypt and Mesopotamia did have many key contributions that helped expand future societies. Egypt and Mesopotamia were two civilizations that contributed to the expansion of trade, civilization, government, and political and social status.

Interactive Writing Essay

Animated productions and video games offer customers a world to get lost in. In this world, creative writing plays an integral role producing an atmosphere that progresses and sustains fluidity. Although graphics and user controls are typically the talk of animated production writing is just as significant. Without creative writing these worlds of animation might be a little bleaker and less interactive. Graphics would have no bearings if they did not have a background of description to be created from. Game and Production writers play a crucial role in the development of the media. Video games usually have paths to follow, and offering misdirection, speed bumps and challenges to overcome. It takes a large amount of skill to transfer ideas into a media, and that is where developers come in, but if they do not have a game plan to follow a mess can occur. Writers are becoming increasingly more involved in the video game and animated production business. In order to efficiently supply these elements a production has to be planned out or time lined. In this time line, it takes writer’s input to create a structured story which is critical for the flow of the game and the story being portrayed. A well developed story or plot can draw in players to purchase the media and any games that might follow. One writers expresses why a well written video game is more than important, â€Å"As gamers age, the complexity of both the plot and the theatric elements tend to resemble short skits along the lines of â€Å"Godfather,† leaving the days of Super Mario Brothers long lost in the dust† (Brewer, 2002). Writers are essential in creating a world beyond any gamers’ imagination. Typically animated productions or video games are stemmed from a developer’s idea, but it is the writing that carries the developer’s initial thought. It is up to writers to be very descriptive. After the story board and character development it is up to an interactive writer to begin on a script. The script can make or break a game’s potential. A productions script must be carefully combed using effective words that will spark user’s imaginations as well as guide them easily through the set path. A writer must be very descriptive in their script leaving little discrepancy over the visual settings. Also, the game’s story will need to be broken into parts in order to have levels or sense of accomplishment for the user. A article suggests,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are three main points to the written script: describe the environment; what does everything look like -and what does it feel like, what is the accompanying material, is there music, and sound effects , what are the things that are going to happen, what decisions will be made, and what rooms or areas are the decisions tied to† (Kalif, 2008)?It is the writer’s job to create substance. If a game is not well put together and has only one path to the end of the media, then it is less likely to be played again. When productions set on a buyer’s shelf it means they are less likely to buy the game when a new version is created. Video game companies now spend sufficient money to hire creative writers. If a gaming company is known for their extraordinary atmospheres, settings, and characters, users are more likely to try games from the company without much knowledge of the particular game. These writers become so involved in their stories, they create more opportunities to make a game company more money with the ability to produce other games, movies, action figures. A video game writer said in an interview, â€Å"I fall in love with every game story that I work on, enough so that I can envision countless stories, sequels, movies, and books all emanating from within this one world† (Duffy, 2007). Animated production and video game writers are essential in the development process. These productions have progressed significantly over the past ten years and a lot of the progression can be accredited to the ever more use of writers. As we have seen, writers take an idea and form it into something more tangible that users can relate to and are drawn to in order to continually play a game. A creative writer can serve in many roles and typically do not get as much credit as the producers or developers, but it is these unsung heroes that provide the developers with an atmosphere and a descriptive setting for their characters. Old games like â€Å"Pacman† are fun and can be entertaining, but it is the new games like â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† that drive the industry even more toward creative and efficient writing. References Brewer, Melissa, (2002). Writing for the Gaming Industry. Retrieved on December 15, 2008 from http://www.writing-world.com/freelance/games.shtmlKalif, Will (2008). Writing a Script for a Video Game. Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from http://www.stormthecastle.com/video-game-design/writing-a-video-game-script.htm. Duffy, Jill, (2007). How I Became a Game Writer. Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from http://www.gamecareerguide.com/features/424/how_i_became_a_game_writer_an_.php?page=4.

Auditing - report on the audit of Perfect Pies Lmt Essay

Auditing - report on the audit of Perfect Pies Lmt - Essay Example The company’s reserves have also increased during the current financial year which shows that its investors are considering the company lucrative and are planning to have a long term association with it. The company’s current ratio is also very much stable and presents the fact that the company is utilizing its resources prudently. We have been appointed as the statutory auditor of the company, for the financial year ended March 31, 2012, in order to express an opinion whether the financial statement of the company are free from any misstatement and represent a true and fair view of the affairs of the company. By analyzing the financial performance of the company in the prior year, and considering the asset base, the company has been classified as SME (small and medium sized entity). The audit methodology, risk coverage and materiality have all been considered and devised which are relevant for the audit of a SME. The materiality has been calculated by averaging out the profit of the current year and prior year and applying a haircut of 5% which is suitable for SMEs. After the completion of the interim audit, no such event was identified which could question that the financial statements of the company are materially misstated. ... Due to uncontrollable circumstances, appropriate test of details could not be performed on the closing stock balance, whereas, the result of the test of details on debtor balance has also highlighted few grey areas. Certain discrepancy has also been observed in the carrying value of the non-current assets. Stocks The period from December to May is the busy season, during which our limited number of staff tries to cater a diverse and complex array of client, it becomes difficult sometimes to provide sufficient number of individual in an audit team to carry out the audit as planned. Due to the mentioned issue, the stock count of Perfect Pies Limited at its Wolverhampton site could not be performed. Audit procedure in such situation was only curtailed to management’s enquiry and placing reliance on the client provided schedule. During the visit to the Wolverhampton site, the audit team acquired the detailed report of the stock from the stock keeper and reconciled the total balanc e as of the report with the carrying value of the stock as reported in the financial statement. The previously mentioned audit procedure is quite successful to acquire comfort over the completeness and valuation of the stock balance. As per the applicable financial reporting framework, stock balance is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Without actually assessing the physical condition of the stock it is not possible to identify he stock item over which the NRV testing should be performed. There’s also a chance that the stock item mentioned in the stock list might not be present at all, thus it is important to count the stock as either ‘tag to floor’ or ‘floor to tag’. Since all of the above procedure could

Business Schools Focus on Perfomance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Schools Focus on Perfomance - Essay Example The above scenario was a major cause for the collapse of major companies in the world, especially financial institution, which had risked so much while practicing securitization. Other major institutions had to sellout cheaply, losing real value of what they were worth (estimated to be about $14.5 trillion in the U.S). Governments of some of the most powerful nations, also had to come to the rescue of some of the major business institutions by dishing out rescue packages that included huge sums of money to bail out the sinking giants (Bartlett and Ghoshal 1998). Business schools are the major institutions in the world that produce some of the financial gurus this world has to offer, and had to offer back then even before the global financial crisis. The blame can thus be entirely attributed to them for not imparting enough knowledge or rather, teaching irrelevant and impractical lessons to students who hold the future of the economy of the world upon them. Criticism should thus be ap preciated by these business schools and an objective to improve should be the target. Sumantra Ghoshal, a great business academician, since passed on, was one critique of the business schools and optimistically believed that the situation could be reverted or changed to offer improved and practical knowledge that would assist financial professionals be able to solve practical problems. In order to build a foundation that could avoid future financial crisis business schools globally have the responsibility to improve their curriculum to focus on more practical financial scenarios in the world rather than focus on performance. Role of Business Schools Any critique that could follow without the declaration of the real roles of business schools towards the modern day commercial discourse could be absolutely null and void. Below are some of the roles that Sumatra Ghoshal defined that Business schools have towards the contribution to a better business world. Business schools have the obli gation of instilling ethics to its students. Business ethics define the behavior that business parties should exhibit when dealing with matters that concern business. Ethics are responsible in inhibiting vices such as corruption, theft and general inappropriate characters in many business organizations. The other key role that business schools face is the responsibility to bring out a complete economic with the ability to deal with current business matters. Knowledge would be absolutely useless without the practical knowhow. Management research issues and internships fall in this category as they form the main parts in business schools responsible for practical knowledge. Business schools have the responsibility to impart to their students the mental capacity to apply knowledge imparted. Education is mostly done in a theoretical method, but such knowledge imparted should be focused on dealing with the real world situations in the contemporary world. Lack of the ability to apply know ledge would prove the hopelessness in business schools, a fact that Ghoshal, a great critique, wouldn’t want to believe was he still alive. Business Schools’ Target on Performance Content rather than Educational Content According to Sumantra Ghoshal,

Anthropology Response Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology Response Paper 2 - Essay Example Moreover, man moved into the stage of homohabilis where he used acheulian tools dated about 1.7 million years back. Homo Habilis moved to this stage after gradual improvement over some time. At this stage, they were making more sophisticated stone tools which were sharper and had straight at the edge, and an example is the hand axe. At this stage, the brain size of man is said to have increased and improved in intelligence. However, it is wrong to infer cultural ability from brain size because at this stage, culture was not so much developed given that man had an enlarged brain size. Eventually man advanced to another stage and was given the name Homo erectus, and throughout his geographic range, research has shown that there was progressive improvement over time. The late Homo erectus was found to have complex mental tablets, which guided him in making complex cultural artifacts. When the implements became useful, the reliance on tools increased. Eventually man moved to new subsiste nce and economic patterns, which improved the means and sources of obtaining food. According to paleoneurology, some insights concerning human evolution have been revealed. This study argues that the cranium is unique because it from the growing brain tissue and not cultural ability. This is the same case with bones that aid movement. This study is influenced by neuroscience and has no substantial knowledge on the current functionality of the brain. Essay two Race has been defined by anthropologists under six different groups namely; Ausraloid, mongoloid, Caucasoid, Polynesians, Negroid, and Native Americans. Anthropologists argue that all these members share similar physical characteristics, and they originated from a common point in the world. Biological anthropologists have described the biological variations of man and came to a conclusion that there are three major explanations of variations in human beings. These are natural selection that describes variations in hereditary tr aits, Gene flow that occur because people from a certain population mate with another from a different population, and genetic draft; which is a phenomena that occur when people move one geographical region to another. Today, anthropologists have realized that the racial human map is very different from human genes and that differentiation that exists is political. People are different because of varied environments, which their ancestors inhabited. For example, misunderstanding the concepts brings about power politics and even violence (Haviland, Prins & McBride 298). People receiving direct overhead sunlight like Africans tends to be darker than those from oblique sunlight regions. This is because melanin protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation and people with more melanin live longer than those with less melanin. The advantage with those with less melanin, like Asians and Europeans, is that they absorb more vitamin D from the sun as compared to their colleagues with more mel anin because of poor penetration of sun into their skin. This distinction is significant because we need to understand that race is not a biological definition describing the DNA structure of a person and it is fixed; hence one cannot change it. Race is not considered a valid way of describing human beings. Hence anthropologists h

Strengths and weaknesses of post-modern organization theory Essay

Strengths and weaknesses of post-modern organization theory - Essay Example Many of the givens about order, structure, communication, and the division of roles have been adjudged as transactions of power between two or more competing perspectives. On this note, it becomes important to consider the application of power in a way that reviews and possibly adjusts the positions that were previously held firmly within the understanding of modernism. In essence, post-modern theory of organization seeks to relax the strict positions promoted within the structures of modernism (Hatch, & Cunliffe, 2013, p. 60). Such a process relates to the imagining of the positions, roles, and processes of management and the elevation of various positions that were built on seemly irreducible principles. The increasing of alternatives in standard procedures have opened avenues for experimentation with new systems. The fluid natures of the markets, the flexibility of commercial processes have moved the center of organizational expression from the previous positions in ways that connect well within the different positions that are adopted within current systems. Changes in organizational culture and the impact of globalization and liberalization are viewed as some of the landmark factors, which have influenced the emergence of fresh perspectives on the organization in terms of systems and structures (Hatch, & Cunliffe, 2013, p. 11). In the current p rocesses of organization, the manifestations of many changes within the organization are considered as outgrowths of the dominant ideology. The post-modern theory of organization contests the view that the traditional and conventional systems of organization are natural (Linstead, 2004). Instead, the theory affirms that all such processes are transient, flexible, and socially constructed. The internal workings of such systems is created in a way that makes it to respond to certain aspects of change that connect with change. Interpretations of the primacy of conventional and standardized systems as designed by modernism are entrenched within unyielding perspectives that promote the notion of absolute truths and systems. Such arguments have been used to promote authoritarian styles of leadership and organizational structure as understood together with other ideas that affirm the primacy of systems and processes. In the analysis of the manner in which an organization determines the ord er of its structure, theorists have sought parallels and precedents from past and existing systems. The force of history and the high value of metanarratives that determine the nature of processes are some of the qualifying factors, which help entrench the systems that have been naturalized by the force of modernisms (Hancock & Tyler, 2001). According to critics of modernism, the aspect of modernism seeks to establish firm positions and to impose laws and procedures in ways that leave little room for the expression of alternative thought. It has often been argued that the substance of modernism connects the positions held by the dominant powers and implants them onto all other systems in order to defeat every effort that attempts to demonstrate some desire for alternatives. Corporate

Time is of the Essance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time is of the Essance - Essay Example Increasing the daily working hours can reduce the working days of a week, whereby ensuring the smooth functioning of the organization. Having a 4/10 routine has some advantages and disadvantages for the organizations as well as the employees, which are analyzed below: The reduced working days in a week give more time to the employees to handle their personal / domestic affairs in a better way. So it is very unlikely that they will require time away from their work for visiting the doctor or any other domestic need. The 4/10 schedule i.e. 4 days a week and 10 hours a day gives employees 52 extra days in a year, providing them freedom of action to meet their personal commitments. Once the employees will be mentally free from their individual issues, their work performance will automatically increase. The other advantages of 4/10 routine can be economy in use of energy i.e. gas and electricity as the organization will remain closed for an additional day. The expenditure incurred on transportation of employees to workplace and back to their homes will be reduced as a complete trip per vehicle will be reduced for a week (Maklan, 1977). Besides having a number of advantages, there are a few drawbacks as well of the 4/10 routine. Although it is giving a day off, but on the other hand it is increasing the workload and committed time during the working days. The biggest drawback is for those organizations which are related to customer service; as such a routine will make them deprive their customers of their services for more days. It may affect the repute as well as social rating of the organization in total. In addition to this, there is an element of boredom attached to such long working hours which will eventually result in less enthusiasm during work. Working ladies, who leave their children in day care, are bound to extend the care timings as well, which ultimately keep them away from their children for

Business Communications Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Communications Risk Management - Essay Example The FTC investigators can take care of a single organization or even an entire industry and it is up to their disposal to decide which route they want to go. It is an organization that has a separate bureau for the consumer protection realms which has a mandate to protect the consumers when the talk goes out loud related with the unfair or deceptive acts and practices found in commerce. Hence the business communication link comes within the fray in a very quantifiable manner when this bureau of consumer protection is talked about at length. FTC works to good effect within competition, economics and the two related bureaus are playing their active roles nonetheless. The basic concepts of FTC are very closely tied in with monopoly and mergers which are essential ingredients of the working realms of FTC (Kleit 2004). The unfair or deceptive practices which affect the consumers are also significant in understanding the dictum of how FTC works to good effect within the related environment . References Kleit, A (2004). Art of the Deal: The Merger Settlement Process at the Federal Trade Commission. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 70 Loza, E (2001). Internet Fraud: Federal Trade Commission Prosecutions of Online Conduct. Communications and the Law, Vol. 23

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies - Essay Example Major changes have been elaborated to bring out the descriptive cause and effect based on the observations. The outcome of research ascertained that behavior and performance were affected by unethical haraam practices such as being late for work for no valid reasons, heavy drinking, taking long lunch hours, disrespect and anger when dealing with colleagues and even when addressing her seniors. These findings and results once tabled can be used by other employees as lessons to follow as well as for managers to devise strategies aimed at improving the performance of the most important asset in any organization which is the human resource (Muhammad, & Rehman, 2012). The employee in question has been referred to as an underperformer for his unsatisfactory work performance and failure to undertake her duties as per the standards required. Maryam Qureshi, has also been termed as an employee who did not comply with workplace rules, policies and procedures. In addition, she used to cause disruptive behaviour that impacted on the co-workers. Given the existing economic situations where businesses and profit making organizations are working hard to maximize profits, it is very crucial to make sure that employees respect their lines of duty. However, obtaining 100 percent of employee’s efficiency is not guaranteed as seen in the case study with Maryam. An underperforming worker can affect the bottom line of the company’s objectives, workplace morale, making other employees’ work look more difficult. Thus, the best thing to deal with such a case is to dismiss the staff in question. However to avoid running into legal problems, there are certain procedures that should be followed. For instance, in this case the management has to carry out a substantial performance review process so as to have a sufficient evidence to support the decision of firing Maryam (Burke, & Cooper, 2011). Maryam’s case does not look complicated since

Office Equipment Market Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 21000 words

Office Equipment Market - Dissertation Example The research examines the state of the office equipment market for determination of whether or not it can withstand new entrants. Focusing on three technologies and types of equipment, copiers, printers and facsimile machines, the findings indicate that this is an innovation driven and innovation-based market. The implication here is that the first-mover advantage principle holds, wherein new entrants are not likely to succeed. Indeed, the technologies and resources available to the first movers and early entrants render this a closed market in the sense that it is unlikely to absorb new entrants. An application of the resource-based view of the firm confirms this hypothesis. The dissertation, however, finds that while the opportunities for new entrants in the referenced market are limited, they do exist. Quite simply stated, should the first-movers cease their continued drive towards innovation, thus, leaving a gap in the market, new firms can enter. They, however, can only do so if they have timed their innovations to coincide with the mentioned gap. As the study concludes, the opportunities for new entrants are far and few between and, indeed, their chances for success are minimal at best, considering resource variances between them and the early entrants. The fact remains, however, that such opportunities exist with the key being innovation and product timing. Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview 1.1 Introduction To those from without the industry, the office equipment market appears to be a highly lucrative one. Indeed, as several market researchers have remarked, the profits which the printer, copier and facsimile machines' market appears to promise seems to beckon new market players to enter this particular industrial and market sector... To those from without the industry, the office equipment market appears to be a highly lucrative one. Indeed, as several market researchers have remarked, the profits which the printer, copier and facsimile machines’ market appears to promise seems to beckon new market players to enter this particular industrial and market sector (Herbig & Kramer, 1994; Elliot, 2005; Ruffo, Tuck and Hague, 2007). Irrespective of appearances, however, and not withstanding the size of the market, there is no room for new players as this is a first-mover market in which the odds are stacked against new entrants. As noted by several market analysts and marketing scholars, innovation is the key to survival within this market and, due to that, the market status of its key players (Xerox, IBM, Ricoh, Canon, Kyocera-Mita and HP) is virtually untouchable (Clarke, 2000). Proceeding for the above-stated, it is apparent that professional and academic opinion tends towards the contention that the office equipment market is not open to new players; that there is no room for new players within this market. This is not, as some may assume, because the key players have a tight, quasi-monopolistic grip over the market. Instead, and as noted in the above, this is because this is a market of innovation and, hence, by definition, favours early movers. In order to clarify this further, it is necessary to explore the nature of innovation. Innovation, it is argued, is more than invention. Put differently, inventions do not necessarily result in innovation.

Explore the Ways In Which Shakespeare Presents Cleopatra Essay Example for Free

Explore the Ways In Which Shakespeare Presents Cleopatra Essay An Elizabethan audience would have already had preconceived ideas about Cleopatra, as this play is based on a true story, and Cleopatra was commented on in Norths Plutarch, as a Pesilent plague, meaning that she brings death, panic and havoc to wherever she went. Also the audience would have already had preconceived ideas of Cleopatra, due to oral stories, which were passed from generation to generation. In these stories, she was addressed as a high-class prostitute, who lured men, into her bed, so that she could sleep with them to get whatever she wanted, this included Caesar, She had no morality. The stories say that she seduced Antony, and she overwhelmed him. The audience therefore would have been biased against Cleopatra and feel sympathy for Antony. Most of these stories would have been passed on by word of mouth and she would have been cursed on many times, which brain washed the next generation and so on. Shakespeare presents Cleopatra as a character of Infinite variety and tries to give a balanced point of view, so as there are not any biased opinions against her. He keeps it balanced by using some multi-facetted approaches; when Antony was dying, she said, There is nothing remarkable Beneath the visiting moon She is saying that now that Antony is dead, there is nothing worth living for. Here it is presented that she does genuinely love Antony, the problem now being that the audiences ideas are swaying between good and bad, due to her words and actions. But she also says, if you find him sad, say I am dancing, if in mirth report that I am sudden sick Here it is clearly proving that Cleopatras love seems that of a teenagers lust or crush, where she is simply playing mind games with Antony. By now the audience would find Cleopatra unpredictable, confused and unsure about her being genuine for her love to Antony or not. The audience is left to make up their own minds about Cleopatra and certain questions may arise, such as, does she really love Antony? The audience would already have their own preconceived ideas of Cleopatra, which could have been planted in the minds of an Elizabethan audience, through morality stories. The audience might have known that the Roman Empire was a very strict and political place and era, and Antony was not abiding by the Roman standards or laws, because of the attraction of Cleopatra, who they could blame for the downfall. Also during Roman rule, and for centuries later, women were frowned upon even if they spoke so what would the Elizabethan audience think of the audacity, let alone tone of Cleopatras dialogue. In the first scene of Antony and Cleopatra, two of Antonys soldiers in his army, (Philo and Demetrious) discuss Antonys enslavement to Cleopatra. They say that which is confirmed by the entrance of Antony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra shows insecurity, towards Antony straight from her opening line If it be love indeed, tell me how much, Antony goes on to say Let Rome in timber melt and the wide arch of the rangd empire fall! Here is my space. Here Antony is saying forget Rome I want to stay in Egypt, which shows how Cleoptara had already influenced Antony and even after this strong image and speech, she is still not impressed.

Big Five Personality And Adolescents Daily Development Psychology Essay

Big Five Personality And Adolescents Daily Development Psychology Essay According to J. Belskys (1984) process model of parenting, both adolescents and parents personality should exert a significant impact on the quality of their mutual relationship. Using multi-informant, symmetric data on the Big Five personality traits and the relationship quality of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent children, the current study set out to test this prediction. Adolescents agreeableness and parents extraversion emerged as predictors of relationship warmth, whereas parents openness emerged as a predictor of low restrictive control. In addition, some gender-specific effects emerged. Overall, parents and adolescents traits equally predicted the amount of relationship warmth, whereas adolescents unique personality more strongly predicted the amount of restrictive control. The predictive power of adolescents personality increased with age. Personality characteristics that affected relationship quality were partly shared between parents and their adolescent children. Find ings support Belskys (1984) notion that both parents and childrens personality predict the quality of their mutual relationship, though the relative predictive power of children and parents depends on the type of outcome variable and the age of the children. (Denissen, J. J. A., van Aken, M. A. G. Dubas, J. S. (2009). Introduction According to Schults Schults (2009), there are 5 factors contained in McCrae and Costas big five personality factors. They are Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. In short, it can be called OCEAN. Each alphabet represents one factor. According to McCrae and Costas theory, a neurotic may show that one is worried, insecure, and nervous. As for extraverts, they may portray that they are sociable, able to mix-around, and talkative. For those who are open to experience, they are creative and daring in pursuing anything that interests them. A person that is agreeable, he or she is basically good-natured, easy-going towards others and softhearted. Lastly, people with conscientiousness portray that they are careful, both reliable and hardworking. Aim of Research paper The aim of this paper is to know the big five personality development or five factor models that affects adolescence. Besides that, by using the OCEAN theory, in what way can we understand adolescence? Therefore, we will be studying the big five theory that affects the relationships between adolescence and their parents, exploring how maturity in them (adolescence) affect themselves and the surrounding, and the link between empathy and big 5 links with adolescence. Because of parents are involved in one of the study, we will be exploring a little on big five development have on adults. However, it is important to note that the main focus will be on adolescence. Empathy and big 5 personality in adolescence Empathy is associated as tools for controlling aggression in adolescence. In todays personality research, the five factor model is considered to be dominant, with lots of it being applied. According to the findings obtained, empathy and friendliness has large correlation. In other words, it refers to male and female, boys and girls. There is also positive correlation with conscientiousness, energy, and openness to experience has also been observed. There are about 832 children aged between 12-17 years old participated in the study. It was composed of 408 boys and 424 girls. Questionnaires were distributed in the classroom and administered by a certified psychologist. As for the measurements, The Spanish version of Bryants empathy Index for children and adolescents and Big Five Questionnaire were given to them. (Barrio, V. D., Anton, A. Garcia L. F. 2004) Empathy is strongly linked to Friendliness for boys and girls. So an important component of the individual differences in the quality of interpersonal behavior during adolescence is the ability to respond appropriately to others emotions. But also. Empathy could play a minor role in the need for social encounters, the control of ones own impulses, and intellectual curiosity. In general, these results reflect the importance of the empathy construct in explaining the self-reported differences in the Friendliness trait during adolescence. (Barrio, V. D., Anton, A. Garcia L. F. 2004) Big Five Personality in Adolescence Generally, cross-sectional studies revealed that adolescents are higher in Extraversion and Emotional Stability and lower in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than adults (Costa McCrae, 1994; McCrae et al., 2000). Between the age of 12 and 18, cross-sectional studies revealed that mean levels of Emotional Stability decrease for girls only (McCrae et al., 2002). Mean levels of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness do not change (McCrae et al., 2002), although Agreeableness and Conscientiousness have also been found to decrease (Allik, Laidra, Realo, Pullmann, 2004). Openness was found to increase both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (Allik et al., 2004; McCrae et al., 2002). The consistently found increase in Openness may indicate that adolescents are increasingly appreciating intellectual and creative expressions, or may be related to identity development and exploration of different roles and possibilities. (Branje, S. J. T., Van Lieshout, C. F. M. Gerris, J. R. M. 2006). Across adolescence, girls were found to change more often than boys. The expected increase in Openness was found for girls self-reported Openness only. Girls also increased in self- and other-reported Conscientiousness and other-reported Agreeableness and Extraversion. In contrast, only three mean changes were found for boys: Other reported Openness and both self- and other-reported Extraversion decreased for boys. During early adolescence, girls undergo a faster acceleration in cerebral cortical development than boys and remain in advance of boys until 14-15 years(AndrichStyles, 1994; Colom Lynn, 2004). As a result, during early adolescence girls are generally about 2 years ahead of boys in intellectual and social-cognitive functioning (Silberman Snarey, 1993; Porteous, 1985). These differences might account for earlier development in personality of girls compared to boys, who may catch up with girls from 16 years onwards. The changes in personality may also be related to changes in social expectations regarding education and work or domestic chores. Because girls pubertal development occurs earlier than boys (Paikoff Brooks-Gunn, 1991), they may look more mature and elicit greater expectations from others in these areas than boys.( Branje, S. J. T., Van Lieshout, C. F. M. Gerris, J. R. M. 2006). Unexpectedly, we did not find change in Emotional Stability for girls, which might be due to the age range studied: Perhaps Emotional Stability is starting to change in late adolescence only. Also in contrast with our expectations, mean development in Extraversion was found during adolescence. Both self-reported and other-reported Extraversion decreased for boys. Whereas girls self-reported Extraversion showed an increase followed by a decrease, girls other-reported Extraversion increased over time. Further research should try to replicate and offer an explanation for this finding. (Branje, S. J. T., Van Lieshout, C. F. M. Gerris, J. R. M. 2006). Relationships between Parents and Children ( PCR) Parents extraversion was found to be positively associated with PCR warmth. This is consistent with previous research (Belsky Barends, 2002; Metsapelto Pulkkinen, 2003) and with notions of this trait as tapping into individual differences in positive emotionality. In addition, parental openness was negatively associated with restrictive control. It replicates a finding by Metsapelto and Pulkkinen (2003) and is consistent with scattered evidence indicating a positive association between this trait and PCR quality (Belsky Barends, 2002). This may reflect the fact that low openness is associated with authoritarian family attitudes calling for a hierarchical structure in which parents command and children obey (McCrae, 1996b, p. 329). With regard to the predictive power of adolescents personality traits, we hypothesized that agreeableness and conscientiousness would be associated with higher PCR quality. In line with our prediction based on the notion that agreeableness is involved in individual differences in the tendency to respond cooperatively (vs. selfishly) in resource conflicts, adolescents agreeableness emerged as a strong predictor of PCR warmth. Similar associations were also reported by OConnor and Dvorak (2001), Zhong-Hui et al. (2006), and (on the basis of the current data set) Branje et al. (2004, 2005). Adolescents conscientiousness, on the other hand, was only marginally significantly related to lower levels of restrictive control, which only partially supports our hypothesis based on the notion that this trait is involved in individual differences in self-regulation (Caspi, 1998). It should be noted, however, that the strength of the association between this personality factor and PCR quality increased with age (see below), supporting the idea that older children, who are increasingly able to regulate their own behavior, face less restrictive control by their parents. Conclusion In conclusion, big five personality affects adolescents daily development and it will portray on the way they behave daily. For boys, extraversion and openness decreased during their age. Therefore, they may not be so keen to explore something that is new and excited. Whereas for girls, their characteristic of extraversion, agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness increased. This would mean that they may want or crave for excitements and could probably get along well with others. As for Parents-child relationship, parents extraversion approach will cause a warmth PCR. Those ( parents) who have a low openness to experience approach/ attitude is more likely to practice authoritarian rules where parents order and children follow. This will definitely damage the relationship between them. Adolescennts will have higher score on agreeableness as they age due to their maturity and ability to behave and also their willingness to find a solution to any conflict that occurred in PCR.

The Revenge Vs Justice Philosophy Essay

The Revenge Vs Justice Philosophy Essay Moby Dick or The Whale by Herman Melville tells the adventure of Ishmael and his voyage on the ship the Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab. But Captain Ahab has an obsessive goal to kill the Whale because of a previous encounter with the whale that cause Captain Ahab to lose his foot. Some of the topics in this story are the battle Good and Evil, the dangers that come with monomania and obsession. The belief in Gods existence, the limits of knowledge and relying on fate are all topics in this story. Also revenge is very destructive and good can never come out of it. These topics are mostly seen in Captain Ahab with especially his obsession with revenge that ultimately leads to his downfall. This essay will explain how revenge affects Captain Ahab and Revenge as an American Identity. This essay will show that revenge feels right but only brings destruction; Justice feels wrong at times but in the end only builds relationships. Revenge does not listen to reason because your mind is focused only on the task of hand. The mind is no longer open minded because revenge encompasses the whole body. Captain Ahab says Come and see if ye can swerve me. Ye cannot swerve me, else ye swerve yourselves! The path to my fixed purpose is laid with iron rails, whereon my soul is grooved to run.(Melville,172). Captain Ahabs mind is already set he will not take no for an answer and believes this is the correct life path he cannot be talked to or coerced off his path. He believes that his path of revenge is fate and cannot be changed even if he wanted to. When people are obsessed with revenge are not open to any guidance they believe they are correct5 in all ways because revenge removes justice therefore it removes choices from the individual. Revenge often invokes taking you with me. If the character snaps out of it, it can lead to Was it really worth it? And My God what have I done?(Revenge before reason 1). When you are open to guidance you can usually see that revenge is not the correct option instead of being one minded and stubborn. You cannot think clearly and rationally if you are obsessed with revenge. Throughout the South during the Civil Rights movement people were clouded with prejudice. People did not use proper judgment in living back then, because of past occurrences and if their minds werent clouded they would have done help to eliminate racism. Reasons can only be seen in a mind open but if mind is clouded and we are not able to see sense revenge, prejudice and hate will continue to exist. Revenge never leads to good it only leads to suffering. The avenger believes that he is benefiting himself and his actions will make him feel better but it only leads to more hurt for both parties involved. As The Pequod is destroyed by The Whale Captain Ahab utters Towards thee I stab at thee; for hates sake I spit my last breathe at thee. Sink all coffins and all hearses to one common poo!, and since neither can be mine, let me then tow to pieces, while still chasing thee, though tied to thee, thou damned whale! Thus, I give up the spear!(Melville, 576). Captain Ahab already knows he is dying but still has an obsession to take the Whale with him to the death. People think revenge will save them, but it only hurts them in the end because of bad choices. An Eye for an Eye Will Make the Whole World Blind(Ganhdi). The nature of revenge keeps us from seeing ourselves being hurt in the process. Not forgiving is like drinking rat poison and then waiting for the rat to die.(Lammott). The A merican Justice System survives on non-biasness dealing with crimes and if we judge others for acts they committed and are biased it will prompt us to look for revenge then riots began to form and people taking law into their own hands. Feelings of revenge are hard to get rid of because revenge is human nature. The desire for revenge isnt a disease that afflicts a few unfortunate people; rather its a universal trait of human nature, crafted by natural selection, that exists today because it helped our ancestors adapt to their environment.( The Forgiveness Instinct 1). Crew members on the Pequod pleaded with Ahab to stop his vain expedition but he refused. He says Doesnt the devil live forever; who ever heard that the devil was dead? Did you ever see any parson a wearing mourning for the devil? And if the devil has a latch-key to get into the admirals cabin, dont you suppose he can crawl into a port-hole? If revenge is continuing to be nursed than it will continue to live like a parasite. Once feelings of revenge are brought on they move like a runaway train and will not stop until everything is destroyed with itself. I tell you that revenge never turns back and never stops. I tell you that it is always moving forward.(Dickens 3) As humans we believe that we have control over aspects in our life but revenge can be weeded in early stages but after time it can be very hard to forgive other. Dealing with foreign affairs the United States takes caution against other countries; government and military officials have many conferences and meetings before the country goes to war. Most of the time revenge is brought on from unpreparedness. Revenge is primitive it takes very little thinking unlike it is a knee jerk response while justice takes meditation thinking and guidance. Revenge gives control while justice keeps control. As humans would we are able to control our emotions but in Moby Dick the whale showed more composure than Captain Ahab for there is no folly of the beast of the earth which is not infinitely outdone by the madness of men (Melville, 87). An animal with no common sense will still have better actions than a human with common sense. Humans claim they have control on their feelings but still have commit act of revenge on others. Self-control is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢the ability to control or override ones thoughts, emotions, urges, and behaviorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- for a desired outcome or goal (Damiani 7). In self- control we overlook our urges and look for the best option instead of the first option. Justice takes self-control we are able to look over our urges, revenge is an urge. If we act on our urges all the time without using common sense we are belittling ourselves to animals. As humans we have been given the ability to rationalize our actions before we perform them but revengeful acts are not rationalized because if they were humans would see the effects it haves on themselves and others. United States courts are kept in control and are well organized instead of wayward. For justice to continue to reign people must be in control of their urges and emotions so there could be fair trials and un-biased feelings dealing with cases. Revenge threatens control because there is no fairness. Countries that used an eye for an eye a tooth for tooth laws do not continue to exist because there was no control. In conclusion there is nothing fair about revenge it affects us in all aspects of life. It brings us down to the form of animals we lose control over our selves. It clouds judgment, it leads to suffering, and it is hard to stop the feelings. Americas Justice System attempts to seek justice in a calm controlled manner that takes biases and prejudice out of the equation to get a fair trial. Seeking justice is a behavior that is learned but revenge is an urge brought on by human nature that encompasses our whole self. Revenge keeps us from ever having feeling of forgiveness and never helps us to build or repair relationships. But justice gives us a building block to repair torn relationships and sometimes give closure to families or people that have been affected. Revenge helps us to move on from past issues, but revenge continues to makes us dwell on them. Justice humanizes and gives respect to each party, but revenge dehumanizes and causes us to be robots that respond to any stimuli.

Sufism Essay -- essays research papers

Sufism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sufism, otherwise known as Islamic Mysticism, is a branch of Islam. It deals with special powers that are contained in the Qur'an. It is a more philosophical approach, where a person tries to become one with nature, and feel the power of God. The term mysticism can be defined as the consciousness of the One Reality -- be it called Wisdom, Light, Love or Nothing. (Shcimmel 23)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Sufi tries to unite his will with God's will. They try to isolate themselves, so they can fear and become close to God. By isolating themselves, a Sufi tries to stay away from politics and public affairs, so as too not get corrupted. The Sufi's path is a path of love, to be thankful of all God's bounties. Many Sufi's try to help individuals in trouble. They use special powers, which enable them to help people who are suffering. Of course this power can only be given by God, and Sufi's in no way equal to God's power. In fact, Sufi's that claim to be at the same level of God cannot be classified as a Muslim. (Frager 11)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sufi's stress love, because they believe that love will help you in the Day of Judgement. That the people who you truly love, will give you their good deeds, so that you may enter Paradise. Normally these people who give their good deeds away are known as dervishes (this is quite different from the belief in Islam).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sufi's also stress the remembrance of God, which is called Zikr. They try to get close to God, to be one with God. They define God as something that is close to you but you can't see it. That God is all around us, but His presence is too overwhelming to see. An example is like fish who is in water. The fish can't really see the water, even though it is all around the fish. Once a person realizes the presence of God, he or she will feel closer to God. (Frager 27)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sufi's believe that God remains hidden, so that people don't complain to Him (this however is not an Islamic belief). In Islam, God's presence isn't seen, because He has too much power for the human eyes to see. Sufi's also believe that pain increases the devotion to God. To get close to God, one must experience pain. To suffer pain is a true test of faith. Life becomes a test for that person, and if he or she remains close to God, then he or s... ...o temptation. A Sufi must have a strong will and be able to control their inner soul (nafs). This also part of the reason why they isolate themselves, so they do not get tempted by any worldly desires. A Sufi's outside appearance should represent his inner soul. If a person does commits a sin then he/she must repent to God, and ask for forgiveness. If a Sufi sees a fault in someone else, then he should correct. It is a Sufi's duty to correct other people and help them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These beliefs are followed by many Sufi's around the world. All aspect of Sufism are considered Islamic, unless the basic principles of Islam are broken. These basic principles are found in the Qur'an and also in the hadith. Anything else added to the religion is called bidah, and is not accepted in Islam. Sufism deals with a whole other side of Islam, a part which deals with mystical powers and mysteries (some of which are not meant to be understood, that is only for God to know). To understand these powers and mysteries are very difficult and take a great deal of studying and self searching. But when one taps into these mystical powers, that person opens a door of unlimited knowledge.

An Analysis Of Buried Child :: essays research papers

It’s amazing what a secret can do to a person. Keeping secrets among friends can be fun, or helpful when you need to confide in someone you trust. Other secrets can do more harm than good. They can fester inside you and cause endless pain. In “Buried Child,'; this is the case. The family is permanently altered by their secret, which becomes a growing moral cancer to them, leaving each impotent in their own way. The play takes place on Dodge’s farm. About thirty years ago, the farm was fertile and prosperous. Dodge and Halie didn’t have a wonderful marriage, however. Things took a turn for the worse when Halie became pregnant with someone else. It is suggested that Tilden is the father. The evidence to support this includes the fact that the baby was small, and that Tilden would sing to it and take it for long walks all day, just talking to it and treating it as his own. “Tilden was the one who knew. Better than any of us. He’d walk for miles with that kid in his arms. Halie let him take it. All night sometimes.'; (p. 124) Dodge would not allow this abomination to grow up and live in his family, so he drowned it, and buried it in the backyard. We can guess that this is when the farm ceased to be fertile, and fell into disuse. This is a symbol of the death of honesty and the birth of the family’s terrible secret. Why exactly does everything go wrong for this family? We don’t know exactly when the problems started, but we know that Ansel died on his honeymoon, Bradley cut off his own leg in a chain saw accident and is now mentally imbalanced, Tilden is nonfunctional and has been driven out of New Mexico, Dodge is a crazy old sick guy, and Halie is doing shady things with the preacher. Vince is the only person capable of facing the world and life, but he too is corrupted by the secret at the end. The answer to the question is that their secret, the dead child, is a secret festering them from the inside out. It is unclear how long this moral degradation took, it may have taken years for all this to happen. We do know that it has left everyone impotent. Bradley is the most vivid example of this impotence. His false leg is his crutch, both figuratively and literally.

Budgeting

We are living on a single income in a world that requires two or more income sources to survive. This culminates into spending more than the earnings made, thus making saving, a prerequisite for investing an unachievable dream. However, a close look justifies that not all people are cramped up with single income sources. As discussed in this article, few lucky people have managed to utilize easy money saving tips that have enabled them to save money for investments that guarantee a financially stable future.One of the tips is budgeting, which acts as a guide in controlling what one spends. Outline what you spend on a monthly basis and correlate the spending with the income you earn. Outline a long term plan on what you want to save in a fixed time frame. This will help you determine the amount of money that you should spend or save on a monthly basis. Another tip is cutting one’s spending. To cut on unnecessary spending, you need to change you lifestyle. You can prepare food a nd eat at home instead of spending a lot of money eating in restaurants.Considering that replacing goods is more expensive, repair them in advance to avoid hefty costs. More so, ensure that you quit vices such as smoking and drinking among others that could incur hefty health costs and increased spending on a long-term or short-term basis. Limiting debts by going for loans with low and flexible interest rates is also another effective money saving tip. Compare different banks’ interest rates for loans and get the bank that offers the best rate. Supposing you have a business, you could try to haggle for the existing loans.For instance, threatening to relocate the business can make lending institutions quite flexible in terms of interest rates and flexibility. This can prevent you from taking unnecessary loans in a bid to repay another high interest loan when the business in not doing well. Besides the above tips, you should detect the slightest opportunities via which you can get what you want without having to spend or incur extra costs. For instance one can join reward programs that give spending point on the purchases made.With time, the spending points might help you get free stuff and save money that you would have incurred while purchasing the stuff. As we can see, money saving tips narrow down to proper budgeting, having long-term goals and a change of lifestyle. One needs to identify money saving opportunities and also opportunities for cutting down the spending. For people who find saving to be quite difficult, they can use financial advisor’s services. However, if you are well endowed with the above easiest saving tips, you can go ahead, save and transform your life.

Henderson the Rain King: Formalist Criticism

NAME: JEREMIAH FOONG KANG YI MATRIX NUM. : D20111047679 FACULTY: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM: TESL PROGRAM CODE: AT 06 SEMESTER: 3 SESSION: 2012/2013 COURSE: LITERARY CRITICISM COURSE CODE: BIS 3023 GROUP : B ASSIGNMENT: CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON HENDERSON THE RAIN KING LECTURER: MR. SEVA BALA SUNDARAM A/L A. M MARIAPPAN For this novel, I will be critically analyzing it using two theories, namely the â€Å"Formalist Criticism† (which is also known as â€Å"New Criticism†) and â€Å"Reader-Response Criticism†.The reason I choose both these criticism theories are because I personally opine that these two theories can realistically reflect our views on the literature read as readers. By the Formalist Criticism approach, I will firstly provide a plot summary of â€Å"Henderson the Rain King†. â€Å"Henderson the Rain King† was written by Saul Bellow in the year 1959. In this novel, Saul Bellow names his main character, or also known as â€Å"the prot agonist†, Eugene Henderson. Eugene Henderson is depicted, in this novel, as a troubled, middle-aged man. He is physically attributed with a large body frame, a bumbling loud voice, and ossesses great physical strength. Contradictory to his struggling life, his family background is one which is rather wealthy. Eugene’s father was a famous author and he left him three million dollars when he passed. He is not at all amazed neither pleased with the life he has been living all the while and plans to heed his inner voice and go out to search for a better life, which he believes, lies in Africa. Before leaving for Africa though, he tried numerous ways to satisfy his weird calls by playing the violin, drinking, and shouting at his wife.He carried on with his plan to Africa with his friend Charlie Albert and his wife. He however set off to travel on his own upon finding a pampered travelling style Charlie practices. Eugene meets the Arnewi tribe and tries to help to settle thei r drinking problem which was caused by a frog infestation at the bottom of their drinking well. Eugene failed to help when he blasted the frogs together with the well. It only made the situation worse. Eugene went on to meet the Wariri tribe with Romilayu and becomes the Sungo, or â€Å"rain king†, when he lifts a heavy idol during the rain ceremony.Later on, the elders sent Dahfu to find a lion which is supposed to be the reincarnation of Dahfu’s late father. As he fails and is killed, Eugene is supposed to be crowned the King as he is the Rain King, the next King in line. Eugene does not desire to be king, and flees from Africa back to his own home. Eugene finds that it is only through love that he had gained all these while when he reflects on his relationship with Smolak the bear in Ontario and his relationship with the orphan boy on the plane back to the United States. The novel consists of twenty-two chapters of roughly equal length.Throughout the novel, flashbac ks are used as a major element of. In the early stages of the novel, more precisely, in the first three chapters of the novel, Henderson’s reminiscence about his motives for departing for Africa. The setting in this novel is considerably uniform, however, throughout the entirety of the story, settings such as Europe, Connecticut, and New York are scattered randomly around. It is noticeable that the subsequent chapters are set in Africa, where most of the plot of the story develops. Through flashbacks, Eugene revisits his place of origin and time periods from his earlier life.Literary tools such as foreshadowing and cliffhangers are used to keep the reader flipping through the pages eagerly for more. Generally, throughout the most major parts of the story, the setting is held in Africa, in the mid-1950s. Scenes from Connecticut, New York City, and Europe during the Second World War are intermittent when Henderson’s rambling narratives take place. Actions which take plac e in Africa are mostly held in the Arnewi and Wariri tribes. The African plains show up once in a while when Henderson and Romilayu wander through the African desert. However, a major part of the story takes place in the Wariri tribe.At the denouement of the story, Newfoundland is also included in the setting of the story, where Henderson touches down from the plane. Physical settings aside, symbolical spiritual settings are also widely included in the novel. A touch of pre-human quality in the landscape and a tinge of childhood memories Henderson had is depicted through the beautiful slight pink in the sky and the sharpness of the rocks surrounding the Wariri village, respectively. Also, after deplaning from Newfoundland, Henderson is said to be walking on ice. This icy-setting shows that Henderson has clearly made his escape from Africa and has started his life anew.Henderson’s word choice in the narration of the novel is of great interest to the readers as he makes referen ce to the Bible regardless of how informal and colloquial his style is. However informal his style is, though, historical events and psychological theories are explained in a rather offhand albeit knowledgeable method. The colourful description of his narration is made up of detailed explanations made possible through visuals and audio. The inability of Henderson speaking in the native African language makes it complicated as Romilayu and Dahfu are required to translate for him directions and advices made on the barren land of Africa.The appearance of African words such as â€Å"grun-tu-molani† appeal to our minds and memories strongly and further enhances the elaboration of the African culture. For this novel, the third person point of view is used. In this case, the third person’s point of view is the point of view of Eugene Henderson. A conversational and more intimate approach is applied in the narration in the story. Examples which show this are â€Å"As you can see for yourselves, these are all impossible answers (HRK 133)† and â€Å"I’ll tell you why (HRK 7)†.The entirety of this novel is told as if Henderson reminisces about his journey to Africa, and also the will and events which led up to his decision to go to Africa. Dialogues are noticeable in some parts of the novel, but the essence and the message of the story is generally brought to the readers by Henderson’s descriptions and inner monologue. The characters who appeared in â€Å"Henderson the Rain King† are as follows. The main character in the story is Eugene Henderson. Even when Henderson is the main character in the story, he is the anti-hero of the novel. Character-wise, he is a bumbling man, always angry and is confused.His physical attributes are big, shocking appearance, and possesses great strength. Henderson’s father leaves behind 3 million dollars. Henderson had married twice and has five children. He was stubborn and pushed on f or combat duty even when he was declared to be too old for it. He got injured by a land mine during the Second World War and received the Purple Heart upon his return. Henderson owns a pig farm but deep down inside, he ambitions to be a doctor. Henderson is constantly plagued by a voice that says â€Å"I want†. He tries various activities and hobbies which he hopes are able of relieving his unknown desire.He tries playing the violin, drinking, and even shouting at his wife. When none of these methods seem to make any effect on satisfying his weird and unknown desire, he goes on to visit Africa with Charlie Albert and his wife. He was fifty five. Upon realizing Charlie’s travelling style which he thinks is too contemporary and boring, Henderson leaves with Romilayu to visit the Arnewi tribe. He attempted to solve the Arnewi tribe’s difficulty which was the infestation of frogs in their drinking well by bombing the frogs. Instead, he bombed and wrecked the whole d rinking well.Regretful and sad, Henderson left for the Wariri tribe with Romilayu. Most of the plot of the story develops from here. Henderson is crowned Sungo, the Rain King, after being able to lift a heavy idol during a rain ceremony in the Wariri tribe. Henderson was supposed to be the King’s successor after Dahfu’s passing. However, Henderson did not want to be King and escaped from Africa to live a complete new life back in the United States. Frances Henderson is Henderson’s first wife. Frances is, as described by Henderson, tall, handsome, elegant, and sinewy. Frances was married to Henderson just to please Henderson’s father.Henderson once told Frances of his dreams of becoming a doctor. His ambitious dreams was revoked and laughed at by Frances. Lily Simmons Henderson is Henderson’s second wife. She is known throughout the story as only â€Å"Lily†. She has a sweet face, fair, and large. Lily is not prone to scolding. Instead, she m oralizes. Lily had married twice before she got married to Henderson. She had previously married a man from Baltimore and an abusive broker from New Jersey who is named Hazard. In the story, Henderson describes Lily as one who is not very clean, a liar, and a con-artist.Edward Henderson is Henderson and Frances’ eldest son. Edward can be considered as Henderson’s pride as Edward is clean-cut and smart. Edward drives around in a shiny sports car. Henderson always believed that Edward would not get a lover. One day, Edward brings home a girl from Honduras and proclaimed to Henderson that he loves her. However, Henderson chose not to believe it. Ricey Henderson is Henderson and Frances’ eldest daughter. She is pretty. Ricey takes a child from the backseat of a car one Christmas and is eventually expelled from boarding school. Alice Henderson is Henderson’s youngest daughter with Frances.The twins are Henderson’s two children by Frances. Charlie Albert is to Eugene Henderson, a childhood friend. They both attended dancing classes together in the year 1915. Charlie is a year younger than Henderson and also a bit richer than him. Charlie was once a cameraman in the army. Henderson was Charlie’s best man at his wedding. Charlie’s wife resented Henderson because Charlie forgot to kiss his wife at the wedding. Henderson joined Charlie and his wife’s honeymoon trip to Africa in the first part. Dick Henderson is Eugene Henderson’s older brother. Dick dies in a rather tragic and ridiculous way.He was shooting a broken fountain pen with his pistol and got engaged in a chase by the police. He crashed his car in an embankment during the chase and jumps into the river. Dick’s cavalry boots got filled with water when he jumped into the river and Dick drowned. Dick was considered by Eugene as the â€Å"sanest of us†. Klaus Spohr is the artist who paint’s Lily’s portrait. There was once wh en Klaus and Lily observed Henderson kiss Clara, Klaus’ wife, passionately. Doctor Spohr is the cousin of Klaus Spohr. He is the dentist who replaces Henderson’s bridgework.Romilayu is Henderson’s guide and translator in Africa. Romilayu tells Henderson that he is in his late thirties. However, he looks wrinkly and much older. Currently Christian, he shows signs of tribal living in his past as he has tribal scars on both his cheeks and ears. He is a patient companion to Henderson. The Arnewi Tribe are the fist tribe Henderson visits in Africa. They are loving and warmly welcomed Henderson’s visit. They were suffering from a drought and their cattle are dying. They are ruled by Willatale. Iteloo is a prince of the Arnewi tribe. He learned English in Beirut with Dahfu.He loses to Henderson in a wrestling match even when he equalizes him physically. Willatale is Itelo’s aunt and the queen of Arnewi. She is a Bittah, which means she is the most revered in the tribe and has husbands as well as wives. She has cataract in one eye and wears a lion skin as a robe. Henderson describes her as a happy woman, stable, and good natured. Mtalba is the queen’s sister and also is a Bittah woman. She is beautiful and pampered looking with indigo hair but is obese. She proposes to Henderson in their traditional way but rejects him when he blows up their well.The Wariri tribe is the second visited tribe by Henderson in Africa. Henderson becomes the Rain King of the Wariri and a close friend to their King, Dahfu. Dahfu is the kin fog the Wariri tribe. Dahfu studied in a medical school but had to return to his dying father in the Wariri tribe. Dahfu impresses Henderson with his charm and philosophy. King Dahfu keeps a lion named Atti and trains him. He dies while trying to capture his father-lion Gmilo. Horko is the uncle of King Dahfu and the man sent to meet Henderson on the day of the rain festival.Horko speaks some English and French bec ause he traveled with Dahfu when he studied abroad. The Bunam is the head priest of the Wariri tribe. The Bunam believes that Henderson can lift the idol during the rain ceremony. Henderson believes that the Bunam communicated to him to encourage him to lift the idol without needing to talk to him. Turombo is the strong Wariri man who lifted Hummat at the rain ceremony. He was misunderstood as one who is shadowed by his past as he did not lift Mummah. It is learned later on in the story that Turombo did not want to lift Mummah because he understands the danger in being a rain king.Queen Yasra is Dahfu’s mother and also the widow of Gmilo. She believes the words of the Bunam who said that Atti represents power of an evil sorceress. Therefore, she begs Henderson to make Dahfu get rid of Atti. The executioner is assistant to the Bunam in the Wariri tribe. He has a narrow face and leathery appearance. He was dressed in white on the day of the lion hunt and guards King Dahfuâ€⠄¢s corpse after he passed. Gmilo is Dahfu’s father and the former king of the Wariri tribe. Another approach to analysing this novel will be the â€Å"Reader-Response Criticism†.The â€Å"Reader-Response Criticism† is based on what the reader feels and perceives about the story after reading the piece of literature. As a reader, I was quite fazed and taken aback when I read the beginning of this story. I was shocked at how unsettled Henderson was even when his father had left behind him such a large amount of money. I think Henderson’s pursuit of happiness and the meaning for life is strong and objective. Henderson is to me a steadfast person and does not get swayed easily by external factors. What makes me feel pitiful towards Henderson is when he was trying to help the Arnewi tribe out by killing the frogs.His intention started out as a good one but ended as an act which displeased the Arnewi tribe. It was lucky for him that Itelo did not kill him afte r such an act because Itelo is his friend. There is a point in the story which I do not agree with the narrator himself. He had seen such bitterness in the Wariri tribe since the first day he got there. He did not have any good moments to savour. The only acceptable moments are when King Dahfu shared with him some philosophy and ways of life. This interests Henderson and us, the readers, but other than that, all the other happenings are bitter.Therefore, it is quite illogical that Henderson did not choose to escape in the earlier part of his visit to the Wariri tribe. However, this is only my view and opinion. Generally, this novel has raised my awareness in issues such as the pursuit of meaning in life and the pursuit of happiness. At the end of the story, Henderson realizes that what he has been going after all this while is love. This is a story worth reading and telling as it bends the human mind into different concaves of perception to what is worth going after, what is worth o ur pursuit, and what is worth holding on to.Bibliography 1) Henderson the Rain King by Saul Bellow. (2000). Retrieved from http://www. bookrags. com/studyguide-henderson-the-rain-king/ 2) Bellow, S. (1976). Henderson the rain king. NY: Penguin Books. 3) Dobie, A. B. (2011). Theory into practice: An introduction to literary criticism. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 4) 50 Plus One Great Books You Should Have Read: And Probably Didn't. Retrieved from http://books. google. com. my/books? id=HPDqaTLKOEEC;pg=PA194;lpg=PA193;dq=%22Henderson+the+Rain+King%22;as_brr=3;ie=ISO-8859-1;output=html;redir_esc=y

‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is an examination of the duality of human nature Essay

Discuss the duality expressed not only in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, but also in other characters. It is believed that there are two parts to a person; good and evil. In most people the good side is stronger and the evil side is repressed. In ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ the repression of Dr Jekyll’s evil side has made it become much stronger and eventually when the evil side is released it takes over and changes the balance of good and evil in Dr Jekyll. The evil side becomes dominant. In the Victorian era science was a very interesting topic as Charles Darwin had just come forth with his theory of evolution and more facts about the evolution of man were being found out. Charles Darwin claimed that humans, over many years of time, had descended from the apes; this shocked many people in Victorian times as they were very religious and strongly believed in God, and felt like any other theory than the one in the Bible was unbelievable. In the novel ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ the duality of human nature is shown as a split of good and evil. Robert Louis Stevenson shows that there are two sides to everyone; this is especially shown in Dr Jekyll. Dr Jekyll has a good side to him that his friends see, he is portrayed as a kind, sensible and well mannered man, but he also has a side of him that wants to break free and not have to be sensible and well mannered. The parts that Hyde is mentioned in the book are usually to do with crime or violence, and anyone who spoke of him felt that there was something strange and eerie about him. Our introduction to Hyde is him trampling a girl on the floor. â€Å"Mr Hyde broke out of all bounds, and clubbed him to the earth.† Hyde is described is compared to an Ape and other animals by many different people, it is almost as if when Jekyll transforms into Hyde he is evolving backwards, becoming more ape-like. Hyde is the personification of Jekyll’s evil side. â€Å"It wasn’t like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut.† Whereas Dr Jekyll is described as: â€Å"A large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and kindness.† Our introduction to Jekyll is at a dinner party, where he is civilised, sociable and elegant. As Jekyll is such a good man it is strange that he would let a man like Hyde have a key to his house so he may come and go whenever he pleases. Why does Hyde only enter the house through the laboratory door? It is also extraordinary that Jekyll did not mention Hyde to any of his other friends. Mr Utterson and Dr Lanyon have been friends with Dr Jekyll for many years but they both do not appear to have their own key to his house. It is suspicious that Hyde goes into Jekyll’s house in the middle night at comes out with a cheque signed by Dr Jekyll. Is Hyde blackmailing Jekyll? In Victorian times it is highly unlikely that anyone would have guessed that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde were the same man. This is because they have completely different characteristics and qualities; Hyde is short, whereas Jekyll is tall. But to the modern reader it is in some cases obvious that they are the same man; Hyde and Jekyll are never around at the same time. Other characters in the book who have met Mr Hyde describe him as â€Å"wicked looking† and having â€Å"an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation†. Mr Hyde appears to have some kind strange of aura about him; that makes other people around him nervous and scared. â€Å"He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but he gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running.† Dr Jekyll, however, seems very sociable and pleasant to look at. But the reader knows that Dr Jekyll has a terrible secret. A secret that is so awful, it cause Dr Lanyon to break their friendship and eventually resulted in Dr Lanyon’s death. â€Å"I am quite done with that person; and I beg that you will spare me any allusion to one whom I regard as dead.† In the novel, before the revelation, Jekyll allows Hyde to become increasingly stronger. Jekyll finds that he cannot control the transformations, and they happen without him taking any of his potions. â€Å"I was slowly losing hold of my original and better self, and becoming slowly incorporated with my second and worse.† Not being able control the transformations means that Dr Jekyll is unable to see anyone, and when Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield see Dr Jekyll at his window, Jekyll begins to transform and has to slam the window shut before the other men see. But Mr Enfield and Mr Utterson did catch a momentary look of what was happening on the other side of the window. â€Å"They saw it but for a glimpse, for the window was instantly thrust down; but that glimpse had been sufficient, and they turned and left the court without a word.† Mr Utterson is a curious character in the novel. His friendship with Mr Enfield is particularly strange. â€Å"It was reported by those who encountered them in their Sunday walks, that they said nothing, looked singularly dull, and would hail with obvious relief the appearance of a friend.† It seems rather odd that the two men would go out every week, but do not seem to like each other. Mr Utterson must have some secrets and strange history that is not mentioned in the novel. â€Å"And though he enjoyed the theatre, he had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years.† Mr Utterson seems to keep himself to himself. He does not talk about his feelings and thoughts or his past, and to Mr Enfield he hardly talks at all. Yet when Mr Utterson has a drink at a dinner party â€Å"something eminently human beaconed from his eye†, this may be some part of him that wants to be expressed and let loose and he is just managing to repress it. After the revelation Dr Jekyll claims that â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two.† He thinks that every soul contains two parts; good and evil. But one is always dominant. In the case of Dr Jekyll it appeared that the good side was the dominant side but after the transformations it was realised that really the evil side was dominant, and had somehow become stronger than the good side by being repressed for all those years. The novel ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ shows a lot of different sides of the duality of human nature; good and evil, right and wrong. These differences are shown in many of the characters in the novel. The book emphasises the goodness of Dr Jekyll and evilness of Mr Hyde, however is also points to Mr Utterson and Dr Lanyon who both display moments when they too have unstable characters.

Health Care Communication Methods Essay

As the Communication Coordinator for this well known drug manufacturer, we will now debate and discus how we will get information to the public about the negative effects that our medications are causing the public. Our goal, as a vital asset to the public and medical community, is to convey all concerns to our community in a very sensitive and careful way. Using the power of newspapers, radio, internet, social networking and news related companies. The local news has already reported that a well-known public figure has been effected which goes against the health portability and accountability act. So as communication coordinator it is important to communicate this issue carefully, addressing the proper population, without losing business and the trust we created with our investors and consumers. Today in our meeting, we will discuss very important aspects of our company’s medical concerns and deciding which communication tactic is most suitable for this situation, while sticking to the very important and necessary HIPPAA guidelines. We will start by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional media, to get the news out to a significant number of the population. Recent reports of negative effects caused by one of the company’s medications need to be addressed. News reports have alleged that one of the individuals is a well-known public figure. Traditional media can include magazines, newspapers, radio and television. There are some great advantages on why these media outlets would be great in reaching our audience regarding this health scare. Two great methods are newspaper and magazines; they can help because we can be precise and explicit when discussing our issue. Additionally, these methods will provide use with a permanent record of the manufacturer attempt to reach the public (Advantages and disadvantages of written communication, 2012). Two other good methods are television and radio. These methods are beneficial because they are cost effective. It allows the communication coordinator to reach the audience directly, while showing attentiveness, emotion and oncern about the negative effects caused by our medication. All these tactics seem like they will work however there are disadvantages with sticking to traditional media outlets instead of using social media or electronic sites. Some main concerns the coordinator will have with using traditional media is that it can only reach a limited amount of people and the company is restricted to a small scope of listerners and readers. According to the national center for education statistcs the U. S. reads between the 8th and 9th grade reading levels. (NCES, 2003). The lack of education and the advancement of technology will minimize the effectiveness of radio, magazines and newspapers. The communication coordinator will continue talking about the different methods of communication. By discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using electronic media, to get information to the public without breaking any HIPAA laws. Some advantages of electronic communication, is that the media tends to be very fast, cost-effective and convenient. Electronic communication will let the coordinator combine numerous media; text graphics sound and video in a single message. This will also give the coordinator the chance to set up a website to give good credible information directly targeted to the population that is effected by the medication, with less chances of interfering with the laws set in place by the HIPPA act. This form of media can result in far more meaningful communication tailored to the population effected by the national drug manufacturer medication. Increasingly doctors are communicating with other practitioners, hospitals, clinics and patients via portable devices. However these attributes contains disadvantages. The technology that enables health care providers and the rest of the nation to keep in touch can also invade privacy. The main disadvantages of using electronic communication, is security. Computers can be hacked, and affected with computer virus. Communication electronically in this particular scenario can also make it difficult, for all affected to understand the message the same. The speed at which the messages are transmitted, often, changes the structure of the message which at times, can be misinterpreted. False or Phantom sites are also a concern. Some foes of this company or medical manufacturing companies may release false or exaggerated negative reports. This could cause the public to lose trust in our efforts to give valuable information and hinder patients to trust products. Electronic communication will lack the human touch. Now we will talk about the disadvantages and advantages of social media facebook, twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn are social networking platforms that are set up and created by web developers. Public internet and social networks can enable communication, collaboration and information collection and sharing. The advantages of using social media are because, â€Å"About one-third of Americans who go online to research their health currently use social networks to find fellow patients and discuss their condition† (Elkin, 2008). As communication coordinator a social network can be used to reach out and receive feedback from the population, and bring awareness about the drug. Social network is where individuals have control on releasing their private information about the drug and the consumer will not be breaking any HIPAA laws. The disadvantages of using social media, is that all information may not always be credible. This method of communicating can also open up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch virus attacks. Social networks increases risk of people falling prey to online scams. The hugest risk using social media such as facebook, YouTube or twitter, Is the inability to control the conversation. The effected population may say a lot of negative things about the company true or not that can damage its reputation. Improper descriptions or discussions of a patient’s case on social media could violate a patient’s privacy, even if no names are used and no harm is intended. As communication coordinator for the national drug manufacturer, in conclusion, all methods of communication have their advantages however the disadvantages outweigh the smartest of the decisions. Majority of the methods will affect the HIPAA law by releasing to much information about personal health. Traditional media, electronic communication and social media sites can be all used in moderation to reach out to the effected population. Traditional media such as newspaper and magazines should be very brief in the information it voices. This method will be used to have record of the company showing some sort of concern about news reporting negative effects of the drug. As the coordinator I feel the best form of communication will be provider and patient’s direct contact. It may be difficult to reach each individual affected however it will be the safest.

Important technical development Essay

The most important technical development was the unitization of the liner shipping business. The shipping industry has been so successful at exploiting this technical development that the cost of sea transport has hardly increased. Coal and Oil cost little more to transport in the mid 1990s than in 1940s. Those important causes which are mostly affecting the demand for sea transport are 8 The World Economy : As it was discussed before that world economy with its output and trade is the most important single factor to generate demand for shipping and any crisis in the world economy reflects in the demand for shipping. In table 01 its clear that ups and downs of shipping demand is also proportionate to world trade. There are 03 different aspects of the world economy that may bring about change in the demand for sea transport ,which are- The Business Cycle: The business cycle lays the foundation for freight cycles. Fluctuation in the rate of economic growth work through in to the sea borne trade, creating a cycle pattern of demand for ships. For example, two major recession in shipping business in 1975 and 1981-1983 ,which co-incited with the recession of the world economy. This economic cycles arise from a combination of external and internal factors. The external factors include events such as wars or sudden changes in commodity prices such as crude oil, which cause a sudden change in demand. Internal factors refer to the dynamic structure of the world economy itself, which it is argued, leads naturally to a cyclical rather than linear growth path. Five of the most common business cycles are- I. The Multiplier and accelerator : The main internal mechanism which creates cycles is the interplay between consumption and investment. II. Time-lags: The delays between economic decision and their implementation can make cyclical fluctuation more extreme. The shipping markets provides and excellent example for this. During a shipping market boom, ship owners order ships that are not delivered until the market has gone into recession. When the arrival of the new ships at a time when there is already a surplus, further discourages new ordering just at the time when shipbuilders are running out of work. The result of their time lags is to make booms and recession more extreme and cyclical. III. Stock building : It produces sudden burst of demand as industries adjust their stocks during the business cycle. On several occasion shipping boom have been driven by short-term stock building by industry in anticipation of future shortage or price rises. Examples are the Korean war in 1952-53, the dry cargo boom of 1974-75, mini tankers boom in 1979 and summer 1986. Tanker booms were caused by temporary stock building by the world oil industry. IV. Mass psychology : If people act in an imitative manner a particular trend will build up to a level where they can affect the whole economic system. Their periods of optimism and pessimism become self fulfilling through the medium of stock exchanges, financial booms and the behaviour of investment. V. Random shocks : Random shocks such as wars, weather changes, new resources, commodity price changes, which upset the stability of economic system may contribute to the cyclical process. Its impact on the shipping market is often very severe ,for example ,1930s depression which followed by the wall street crash of 1929. Other two aspects are The ‘trade elasticity’ and The ‘trade development cycle’-which are correlated to business cycle. Other factors which have very strong influence on shipping demand are Transport cost. Transport cost are an element in the costs of production and If transport Costs are low ,its possible for domestic commodities to be substituted for the cheaper goods supplied over great distances, which will create business opportunities for shipping. The globalisation of the world economy has reinforced the inherent and unique internationalism and fluidity of the shipping industry, while over the same period the industry has become vastly more productive, with very much larger, faster ships and new techniques such as containerisation. By understanding and exploiting world economic activities and trade pattern along with all the other factors stated above, which are mostly controlling the shipping demand, ship owners and shipping management can achieve maximum business profit. From table one it is clear that the future growth of world trade and out put will definitely create more demand for shipping. Thus the ‘derived demand’ nature of ‘shipping demand’ creating huge opportunity for ship owners and shipping management to profit from the ups and downs of world trade. References 1. whitepaper of DTLR on British Shipping Charting a New Course ,para-9,obtained from www. shipping. dtlr. gov. uk/cnc/index. html ,or menu-whitepaper, october2001. 2. Chrzanowski I, 1985, An Introduction To Shipping Economics, Fairplay Publications. 3. Abrahamsson B J, 1980,International Ocean Shipping: Current Concepts and Principal, WestView Press. 4. McConville J,1999,Economics of Maritime Tansport,p42,The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers, London  www.isl.org